Pneumatic tire for vehicles.



No. 685,002. Patented 00f. 22, I901.

s. McGIEHAN. PNEUMATIC TIRE FOB VEHICLES.

(Application filed Apr. 18, 1901.)

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mm nex No. 685,002. Patented Oct. 22, 19m.

I. S. MG'GIEHAN. PNEUMATIC TIRE FDR-VEHICLES.

(Application filed Apr. 18, 1901.) (No Model.)

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UNITED STATES ISAAC s. MoGIEI-IAN,

PATENT (lemon.

or NEW-roams. Y.

PNEUMATIC TlRE FORVEHlCLES.

SPECIFICATION romia part of Letters raters. N6; 685,602, dated Otto-ta;22, 1901. Application filed April 13; 1901. 1 Serial lilo. 55;601. (Nomodeli) To colt whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ISAAC S. MOGIEHAN, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of New York city, in the county and State of New York,have invented 'new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tires forVehicles, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the construction of rubber tires for vehicles,particularly that class known as pneumatic tires. The principal objectssought are to construct the tire so that the rubber and fabric of whichit is made are thoroughly amalgamated and become so united as to form ahomogeneous cooperating substance, whereby the rubber will be utilizedto its best advantage with the least possibility of destruction, at thesame time making the tire practically puncture-proof.

It also has for its object to provide a treadsurface which is the leastdisturbing to the air which inflates the tire and which increases thelife of the tire; also, to construct anduse a fabric in the manufactureof pneumatic tires that will prevent them from stretching transverselyacross the tire, as will be hereinafter explained.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification,my invention is fully illustrated, with similar letters of reference toindicate corresponding parts, as follows:

Figure I represents a transverse section in perspective showing an endView which illustrates the construction of the tire. Fig. 2 illustratesa side elevation of the tire, showing the beveled tread portion, alsothe reinforced surface upon which the rim rests. Fig. 3 is anillustration of the open-mesh fabric which forms the body or foundationand upon which the rubber is calendered before being formed in the tire.Two or more layers of this fabric, sometimes several,according to theintended thickness of the tire, are (being first coated with rubber)pressed together before being vulcanized. The rubber, therefore, isforced through the meshes and unites with the rubber on the oppositeside, thus forming one solid homogeneous thickness of rubber with layersof the interwoven fabric as a foundation. Fig. 4 represents across-section of the tire as it will appear before the outer surface ofthe fabric is covered with rubber,

showing its reinforced cone-shaped tread, Fig. 5 represents my improvedtire under a heavy load, and Fig. 6 represents the ordinary tire under asimilar load.

Referring to Fig. 3, one of the principal features of my improved tireis the adoption of a fabric which is constructed of spun cotton or othermaterial so woven with three strands as to prevent any lateral stretchof the fabric after it is cut in what maybe termed bias strips of theusual form.

As shown in Fig. 3, the fabricis first woven in the usual way with thelongitudinal threads at and the transverse threads 11 In this respectthe fabric differs but slightly fromthat now in use, except that itsmesh is very open, so that when being calendered the rubber will beforced through the mesh.

In order to prevent the tire after it is finished and when beinginflated from stretching transversely and increasing its tubulardiameter with the increased internal pressure of air, I insert in thefabric when being woven a third thread, which may be termed a staythread01 Fig. 3. Thus when the fabric is cut diagonally, so as to prod uce thebias strip which is woven in the tire, it is cut at right angles to thestay-thread n, and as this thread will extend directly at right anglesacross the bias strip 71 it will be impossible for a tire formed withthis fabric to increase its tubular diameter. The object of thisconstruction and formation of fabric is to enable the tire to carryagreater pressure of air, which is supported by the stay-threads of thefabric without causing any additional strain or stretch of the rubber;also, to divert the air to a cylindrical pressure within the tire ratherthan the spreading destructive pressure usually accommodated by thetransverse stretch of the tire.

In forming the tire, before the outer coating of rubber is put on thelayers of fabric are increased on the lower side by adding additionalnarrowing strips until the fabric forms a cone or shield thickest in itscenter, as at m, Fig. 4, so that any stone or sharp projection in theroad which might pierce the tread a Fig. 1, would be deflected outthrough the beveled side 6 of the tread without passing through thefabric or creating a puncture.

Referring to Fig. 1, the flat tread c is for the purpose of giving agreater spread of pressure against the column of air within the tire, soas to prevent the destructive sharp bend which occurs to the sides ofthe tire when the vehicle is carrying an unusually heavy load; also, topreserve a uniform tread-surface and prevent the tire from spreading outon the ground laterally, and thereby providing additional surface liableto puncture. This result is shown in Figs. 5 and 6, Fig. 5 representingmy improved tire under a heavy load, and Fig. 6 representing theordinary tire with a similar load. Of course to support my improvedfi'at tread the sides of the tire must be gradually thickened until theyreach the intersecting-line c, Fig. 1, thus forming the bevel sides c,which, as shown by the lines 6 are usually curved slightly outward toprovide the increased thickness above referred to.

It will be seen by Fig. 5 that the sharp bending of the sides f, Fig.(5, are avoided with my improved tread, and also that the very broadsurface (shown in Fig. 6) spread upon the ground to receive punctures isavoided. The column of air in my improved tire assumes an ellipticalform in transverse section, while thatin the ordinary tire assumesasemicircular form witha very broad flat surface on the ground, theresult of which is many punctures and porous and cracked sides to thetire.

Another important feature of my invention is the reinforced rim-surface,as shown at 0, Figs. 1 and 2,.which consists of an extra sheet of rubbervulcanized on the inner circle of the tire against which the rim rests.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In the manufacture of pneumatic tires the introduction of a fabrichaving a third or stay thread interwoven diagonal to the selvage edgesof said fabric, so that when the fabric is cut on the bias thediagonally-woven thread will be at right angles to the line of out,whereby lateral tubular strain of the tire by distention will beprevented.

2. A fabric to be used in the construction of pneumatic tires having thewarp and weft threads woven at right angles, and a third or stay threadinterwoven with and diagonal to the warp and weft threads, so that whenthe fabric is cut on the bias the diagonal or stay thread will be atright angles to the line of cut, whereby lateral strain is prevented.

In a pneumatic tire a tube constructed of a rubber-coated fabric havinga third or stay thread interwoven therein diagonally to the warp andweft, being so placed that when said fabric is cut on the bias saiddiagonal or stay thread will be at right angles to the line of cut, theouter periphery of said tube being provided with a cone-shaped orthickened portion to form the tread of the tire.

4. A rubber tire having its tread-surface and its rim-surface outwardlyincreased in thickness, and the side portions between the thickenedportions convexedlyinset,whereby the bend, under pressure, will be atopposite points approximately midway between the said thickenedportions.

5. A rubber tire having a flat tread-surface with flaring sides, saidsides and the rim-surface being increased in thickness to form an insetconvex annular panel between the thickened portions, a series ofconcentrically-arranged fabric strips embedded within the tread-surfacean d forming a shield, coneshaped in cross section, whereby articlesliable to puncture the tire will be deflected out through the flaringsides.

6. A pneumatic tire comprising a tubular body portion formed of arubber-coated fabric, having third or stay threads interwoven with thewarp and weft threads in such man ner that the stay-threads will bediagonal to the selvage edges of the fabric, and a covering of rubbervulcanized to said body portion providing a fiat tread with flaringsides.

7. A pneumatic tire provided with rein force fabric strips on its treadside, said strips eomposed of a fabric having stay-threads interwovendiagonally to the selvage edges, in combination with a rubber coveringhaving a fiat tread and flaring sides extending from said flat tread tothe sides of the tire, substantially as described.

8. A rubber tire comprising a tube of rubber-coated fabric, a series ofgradually-narrowing reinforcing-strips, concentrically ar ranged aroundthe outer periphery of the tube, said strips forming a shield,cone-shaped in cross-section, and an outer body of rubber, said bodyhaving a flat tread with flaring sides, said sides and the rim-surfaceof the tire being thickened or reinforced to form an inset convexannular panel.

9. A rubber tire comprising a tube of rubber-coated fabric, a series ofgradually-narrowing reinforcing-strips, concentrically ar ranged aroundthe outer periphery of the tube, said strips forming a shieldcone-shaped in cross-section, and an outer body of rubber, said bodyhaving a fiat tread with flaring sides outwardly thickened,outwardly-thickened rim-surface and convexedly-inset sides, as and forthe purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing specification I have hereuntoset my hand this 13th day of April, 1901.

ISAAC S. MGGIEI-IAN.

In presence of W. L. MURRAY, .TAMEs A. SCOTT.

ICC

